可供性理论视角下的外部空间设计研究

External Space Design Research from the Perspective of Affordance

试图在空间设计与评价中引入生态心理学中的可供性概念,借鉴工程设计领域在可供性方面的研究成果,为现有设计评价与方法提供补充和拓展,作为一个通用的设计基础理论应用于风景园林设计的理论与实践。核心阐述3个问题:首先,可供性可以作为一种桥梁和中介来理解空间环境与动物(人)之间的关系,建立共同的行为语言,避免设计者和使用者在对外部环境的理解上产生分歧;第二,分析传统的以功能为主导的设计方法的局限性,探索实际使用中人与环境的真实交互关系,分析人与环境交互的行为差异;第三,设计新的概念框架用于空间环境的评价与设计,提出以可供性理论为基础的设计逻辑。将可供性理论引入风景园林设计,论证可供性概念与外部空间设计结合的可行性,以期成为后续研究与实践的基础。

This paper is trying to introduce the concept of affordance in ecological psychology into space design and evaluation.With reference of the research achieving in engineering design field on affordance,it provides complement and extension on the existing design evaluation and methods,which is applied to the theory and practice of landscape architecture design as a commonly-used fundamental design theory.Three questions are presented in this thesis.First of all,affordance can be served as a bridge and intermediary to understand the relationship between space environment and animals(people),which could avoid wide gap that occurs between designers and users on understanding the external environment.Secondly,the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional functional design methods,explores the actual interaction,as well as the behavioral differences between human and environment.Thirdly,it creates a new conceptual framework for space environment evaluation and design,and proposes design logic based on theory of affordance.The purpose of this article is to lead affordance concept to landscape architecture design and demonstrating its feasibility,which will be the foundation of further study and practice.