奥地利国家公园体制:基础、事务与支持——以高陶恩国家公园为例

Introduction to Austria's National Park Institution:Basis, Affairs and Financing——A Case Study of the National Park Hohe Tauern

奥地利国家公园建设已逾30年,其中历史最久的高陶恩国家公园在自然保护、自然教育和赞助机制方面进行了比较有代表性的实践,是奥地利国家公园体制建设探索的缩影。从基础、事务和支持3个方面,以高陶恩国家公园为例,介绍奥地利的国家公园体制,分析了其地方管理为主、多方决策、非政府组织为补充的体制特点,总结了其在替代性保护规范化、自然教育专业化及赞助机制系统化方面可为中国相关实践提供的参考。

In the thirty-odd years of Austria's national park practice,Hohe Tauern,as the oldest of the country's 6 NPs,has plentiful experience representative of the Austrian experiments in protection,education and sponsoring in NPs.This paper takes the Hohe Tauern National Park as a case to give an introduction to Austria's NP institution,including its basis,affairs as well as financing.The institution's main traits are identified as 1)concentration on local administration,2)inclusion of various parties in decision-making,and 3)NGOs'mobilization as a significant supplement.To give inspirations for China's inaugural pilot project on NP institution,key practice in alternative protection,the institution of rangers as well as that of sponsoring are further discussed.