非贵金属催化剂催化氧化甲醛的研究进展

Research progress on catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde over non-noble metal catalysts

室内装修装饰材料释放出的甲醛是一级致癌物质,严重危害人类的身体健康。催化氧化法在较为温和的条件下可以将甲醛转化为无毒的CO_2和H_2O,是一种非常有效的消除甲醛技术。其中该技术采用的非贵金属催化剂因资源丰富,价格低廉,目前研究的最为广泛。本文综述了近年来非贵金属催化剂的研究进展,主要介绍了单一金属氧化物和复合金属氧化物的研发情况;对这些催化剂的合成、结构及甲醛催化氧化性能进行了分析,并总结了一部分甲醛催化氧化的反应机理。另外还对非贵金属催化剂未来的研究发展方向进行了展望:通过各种制备方法调控金属氧化物的结构、形貌、比表面积,进而暴露大面积活性面和丰富优化活性位来提高催化性能;同时借助一些先进的表征技术和理论计算方法探索非贵金属催化剂结构和催化性能之间的关系,深入探讨甲醛催化氧化反应机理等基础问题。

Formaldehyde(HCHO),mainly originated from furnishing and building materials,can endanger human health and has been classified as a human carcinogen.Catalytic oxidation of HCHO is considered as an ideal way to remove HCHO since it can completely convert HCHO into CO2 and H2O at relatively mild operating conditions.Among numerous catalyst systems,non-noble metal catalytic materials have been widely studied due to the cheap and plentiful sources.In this paper,the recent progresses of the non-noble metal catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of HCHO have been summarized.These non-noble metal catalysts mainly consist of single metal oxides and composite metal oxides.Their synthesis,structure and catalytic performance for the oxidation of HCHO reaction are analyzed.Besides,the reaction mechanisms have also been summarized.The opportunities for future research are:①to further enhance the catalytic activity by controlling the structure,morphology,and specific surface area of the non-noble metal catalysts,so as to expose larger fractions of the reactive facets,and to enrich and tune the active sites;②to deeply reveal the structure-activity relationships of the catalysts and the reaction mechanisms by combining some advanced characterization techniques and theoretical computations.