低铂燃料电池氧还原催化剂的制备技术研究进展

Recent progress in the preparation of oxygen reduction catalysts for low-platinum fuel cell

低铂燃料电池催化剂铂载量低,在具有较高活性的同时能够极大地降低燃料电池的成本,因此,开发低铂燃料电池催化剂一直是燃料电池催化剂的重要研究方向。本文综述了低铂燃料电池催化剂的最新研究进展,对低铂燃料电池催化剂进行了分类,包含Pt基合金结构催化剂、Pt基核壳结构催化剂、Pt单原子层结构催化剂和Pt单原子催化剂等;详细介绍了几种低铂燃料电池催化剂的制备方法,主要包括有机溶胶法、电化学还原沉积法、气相沉积法、原子层沉积法、离子液体法、微波法,并对各自的优缺点进行了总结;重点强调了核壳结构电催化剂的制备方法,包括两步有机溶胶法、脉冲电沉积法、表面去合金化法、欠电位沉积法以及中空构型核壳结构催化剂的制备。最后指出可控制备具有高活性和高稳定性的低铂核壳结构催化剂是质子交换膜燃料电池实现商业化的重要研究方向。

Low platinum fuel cell catalysts with ultra-low Pt loadings and high catalytic performance,have great potential to reduce the overall cost of fuel cells.Therefore,the development of low platinum fuel cell catalysts has been an important research direction for fuel cell catalysts.In this paper the recent development of the low platinum fuel cell electrocatalysts is reviewed.The low platinum fuel cell catalysts are classified as platinum-based alloy structure catalyst,platinum-based core-shell structure catalyst,platinum monolayer structure catalyst and single-atom catalyst of platinum.The preparation methods of low platinum fuel cell electrocatalysts are introduced in detail,including organic sol method,electrochemical reduction deposition method,chemical vapor deposition method,atomic layer deposition,ionic liquid method,and microwave method.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are summarized.The preparation methods of core-shell structured electrocatalysts,including two-step organic sol method,pulse electrodeposition,surface dealloying method,under-potential deposition method,and the preparation of hollow configuration core-shell catalysts are highlighted.In the end,it is suggested that the controllable preparation of low platinum core-shell catalysts with high activity and high stability is an important research direction for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.