北京市公用事业财政补贴的实践进展及优化策略研究

Practice Progress and Optimization Strategy of Financial Subsidies to Beijing Public Utilities

在财政的巨大投入下,北京公用事业有了长足的发展。公用事业作为准公共品,其有限非竞争性和有限非排他性决定了消费者需承担部分成本,同时政府财政必须给予资金支持或进行政府购买服务才能确保系统的良性运转。比较有代表性的,即地方政府对于城市公共交通事业的财政补贴。随着北京市经济的增长,城市居民收入的不断提高,北京市城市居民对公用事业的需求迅速增长,同时公用事业的低价格在一定程度上扭曲了城市居民的消费行为,刺激了城市居民对公用事业的额外需求,导致财政补贴逐年增加,加重了北京市的财政负担,还造成了一定的经济效率损失。因此,应当从多方面改善北京公用事业财政补贴的形式和方法。

With huge financial investment,Beijing public utilities have shown tremendous growth.As the quasi-public goods,public utilities possess the limited non-competitiveness and limited exclusivity that require consumers to undertake part of cost and the governments to provide fund support or complete the purchase service to ensure the normal operation of system.Financial subsidies provided by the local government for the urban public transportation industry is more representative.With the economic growth of Beijing and continuous improvement of urban resident income,the needs of Beijing citizens for the public utilities also increase rapidly.Meanwhile,the low price of public utilities distorts the consumption behavior of urban citizens in some certain and stimulates the additional demand of urban citizens for public utilities,which leads to the increase of financial subsidies year by year,increases the financial burden of Beijing and results in certain loss of economic efficiency.Therefore,the form and method financial subsidies to Beijing public utilities should be improved from multiple aspects.