烟台市居民器官捐献意愿影响因素调查分析及新宣传模式的构思

Investigation of infl uencing factors of residents' willingness to donate organs in Yantai City and conception of novel propaganda mode

目的探讨烟台市居民器官捐献意愿的影响因素并构思有效的器官捐献宣传模式。方法采用便利抽样的方法对烟台市10个区县的居民进行问卷调查。内容包括社会人口学特征、器官移植和器官捐献相关知识获取途径、影响器官捐献意愿的因素、潜在顾虑的相关问题等。同时在居民器官捐献调研过程中,尝试建立器官捐献宣传的"承光模式"。结果烟台市居民对器官捐献的认知处于较低水平,有44.6%的居民有捐献器官的意愿。年龄、文化程度均会对居民器官捐献的意愿有影响(均为P<0.05)。其中大部分居民通过电视、广播、网络了解到器官捐献的内容。居民对器官捐献相关知识回答正确率较低。传统观念和社会舆论是影响居民的器官捐献意愿的主要因素,分别占38.1%和25.9%。家人的反对会大幅降低居民的志愿捐献率,而给予经济补偿和社会救助会大幅提高居民的志愿捐献率。知晓可以通过支付宝进行器官捐献登记的居民仅有16.3%,反映了宣传力度不足。在居民器官捐献调研过程中,我们尝试建立器官捐献宣传的"承光模式",即由本地医学院校发起,逐步辐射到全国的器官捐献宣传模式。结论烟台市居民器官捐献意愿主要受器官捐献认知水平的影响,需要加强器官捐献的宣传力度,参考"承光模式",由本地医学院校发起,依托医学生群体,通过多种途径提高本地居民对器官捐献的认知水平和参与度,最终扩展到全国,可能有利于提高我国公民的志愿捐献率。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of the willingness of residents to donate organs in Yantai City and to devise an effective propaganda mode for organ donation.Methods The residents of 10 districts and counties in Yantai City were chosen for survey investigation by convenient sampling method.The survey items included sociodemographic characteristics,ways to obtain organ transplantation and organ donation related knowledge,relevant factors affecting the willingness to donate organs,and relevant issues of potential apprehension,etc.During the survey,a novel propaganda mode of organ donation called Chengguang mode was established.Results The awareness of organ donation of Yantai residents was relatively low and 44.6%of residents were willing to donate organs.Age and educational level affected the residents'willingness to donate organs(both P<0.05).Most residents learned the knowledge about organ donation through TV,radio and internet.The correct rate of residents to answer the questions related to organ donation was relatively low.Traditional ideas(38.1%)and public opinions(25.9%)were the main factors affecting the residents'willingness to donate organs.The opposition of family members significantly reduced the organ donation rate of residents,whereas financial compensation and social assistance greatly increased their willingness to donate organs.Only 16.3%of the residents knew the way for organ donation through Alipay,suggesting the propaganda was insufficient.In the process of survey investigation,a novel propaganda mode,Chengguang mode,initiated by local medical college and university and then gradually promoted nationwide,was established.Conclusions The willingness to donate organs of residents in Yantai City is mainly influenced by the cognition level of organ donation.It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of organ donation.A new propaganda mode started by local medical college and promoted throughout the nation is established to enhance the understanding and participation in organ donation,thereby probably improving the organ donation rate across China.