绍兴市大气环境容量与污染控制研究

The Study of Atmospheric Environmental Capacity and Pollution Control in Shaoxing

利用2014—2016年绍兴市16个监测点位监测数据和代表年份2015年环统数据,分析了绍兴市大气环境现状、大气污染物变化特征和空间分布特征,重点对中心城区主要空气污染物浓度年、季和月变化特征进行分析,结果表明:绍兴市中心城区环境空气中SO_2、NO_2、CO、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度呈现"秋冬较高,春季次之,夏季较低"的季节变化特征,O_3质量浓度则正好相反。利用CAMX模型,对绍兴市主要大气污染物浓度进行模拟和结果校验,结果表明:绍兴市通过减排SO_2、NO_X和VOCS,全市SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_3等污染物浓度将得到一定改善,PM_(2.5)则需协同削减至少18%的烟粉尘才能满足达标要求。推荐以烟粉尘为主其他污染物为辅的PM_(2.5)协同削减方案。建议从环境准入、强化减排、行业整治、协同削减、联防联控监管等方面进行污染控制。

The present situation of the atmospheric environment,the characteristics of atmospheric pollutants variation and the spatial distribution in Shaoxing were analyzed based on the data of 16 monitoring sites in Shaoxing from 2014 to 2016 and the environment statistics of 2015.The annual,seasonal and monthly variations of the major air pollutants in the central urban area were focused.The mass concentrations of SO2,NO2,CO,PM10,and PM2.5 in the ambient air of the downtown area were characterized by the seasonal changes of“higher in autumn and winter,downtown area were characterized by the seasonal changes of“higher in autumn and winter,followed by spring,and lower in summer”.The O3 mass concentration was just the opposite.The CAMx model was used to simulate and verify the concentration of major air pollutants in Shaoxing.The results showed that the concentrations of SO2,NO2,PM2.5,PM10,and O3 would be reduced through the reduction measures of SO2,NOX,and VOCs.However,the PM2.5 would meet the compliance requirements only when at least 18%of the smoke dust was reduced.A PM2.5 cooperative reduction scheme,supplemented by smoke and dust as a supplement to other pollutants was recommended.The pollution control strategies should be proposed from the aspects of environmental access,enhanced emission reduction,industry improvement,synergy reduction,and joint prevention and control.