世界竞技体育强国备战奥运政策及对我国备战东京奥运会的启示

Policy of Preparing for the Olympic Games in the World Competitive Sports Power and Its Inspiration for Preparing for the Tokyo Olympic Games

美国、俄罗斯、英国、德国、日本等世界竞技体育强国具有系统的备战奥运政策体系,其特征主要体现在:国家与社会多元主体共同参与,覆盖指标全面、备战目标明确;强调教练员和高水平运动员的选拔、培养与保障;实施重点项目提升和弱势项目扶持,凸显备战融资结构的社会化和多元化;注重科技、医学、管理、保障协同的复合型团队建设,追求科技助力奥运的整体效益。在借鉴世界竞技体育强国备战奥运政策的同时,结合中国国情,提出了由政策目标、政策主体、政策内容、政策工具和政策过程构成的"五位一体"的备战东京奥运会政策体系。

The United States,Russia,Britain,Germany,Japan and other world competitive sports powers have a systematic policy system for the preparation for the Olympic Games.Its characteristics are mainly reflected in the following areas:the state and the multi-subjects of society participate together,covering comprehensive indicators and clear objectives of Olympics preparation;the selection,training and guarantee of coaches and high-level athletes are emphasized;implement key sports promotion and weak sports support to highlight the socialization and diversification of financing structure in Olympics preparation;pay attention to the construction of a compound team of science and technology,medicine,management and guarantee,and pursue the overall benefits of science and technology to facilitate the Olympic Games.While drawing lessons from the world competitive sports powers preparing for the Olympic Games,and combining China's national conditions,this paper puts forward the"five-in-one"policy system consisting of policy objectives,policy subjects,policy contents,policy tools and policy process in preparation for Tokyo Olympic Games.