从公元17世纪对俄丝绸输出看明末清初中俄丝绸外交

Silk diplomacy of China to Russia in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty from the silk exports to Russia in the 17^(th) century

在中俄两国开展正式双边贸易前的公元17世纪,丝绸在中俄交往中扮演的角色和地位并不甚清晰。而在中俄两国17世纪的外交档案等文献中,散落记载着该时期中国与俄罗斯丝绸交往的条目,这是明末清初中俄丝绸外交的珍贵资料。文章通过对文献的系统研究,特别是对两国记载的相互引证,梳理了中俄17世纪外交用丝绸的制品名称、丝绸品种、数量及相关历史事件,深入解读了明末清初中国对俄丝绸外交的意义、内容与方式。研究表明,丝绸在中俄早期交往中具有十分重要的地位,丝绸外交是17世纪中俄乃至中国与他国外交的重要手段,也进一步丰富了丝绸之路的研究成果。

In the 17 th century,before the formal bilateral trade between China and Russia was implemented,the role and status of silk in Sino-Russian exchanges were not very clear.Diplomatic archival documents of China and Russia in the 17 th century recorded the entries of silk exchanges between China and the Russia,and these are precious materials for the Sino-Russian silk diplomacy in the late Ming and early Qing.In this paper,the names,varieties,number and related historical events of silk products for diplomatic purpose in China and Russia in the 17 th century were collated in detail through systematic research of the literatures and relevant records of both countries.Meanwhile,the significance,content and way of Chinese silk diplomacy to Russia in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties were deeply interpreted.The research showed that silk played an important role in the early Sino-Russian exchanges and the silk diplomacy was an important diplomatic means between China and Russia and even China and other countries in the 17 th century.The study further enriches the research results of the Silk Road.