蓬托菲霍时期委内瑞拉的军队政治化

The Politicization of the Armed Forces in Venezuela during the Period of Punto Fijo System

委内瑞拉蓬托菲霍时期以"分权制衡"为核心的文官控制机制,虽然对预防军人干政发挥了重要作用,但是却一直未能实现文官政府对武装力量的有效监督,这成为蓬托菲霍时期委内瑞拉文官控制的薄弱环节。20世纪70年代的军事教育改革以及其它多种因素的综合作用,导致了一种以政治化为主要特征的新军事理念的形成。80年代经济状况恶化所引发的不满为军队中政治化倾向的发展提供了现实环境,成为民主政体不稳定的一个重要因素。蓬托菲霍后期的军队政治化对第五共和国时期的委内瑞拉文武关系产生了直接影响。

Civilian control strategy with the core of“separation of powers”played a great role in the prevention of military intervention during the Period of Punto Fijo System.However,the civilian government failed to achieve effective supervision of the armed forces,which became a weak link in the civilian control during the Period of Punto Fijo System.The combination of military education reform and other factors in 1970s led to the formation of a new military concept characterized by politicization.The discontent caused by the deterioration of the economic situation in 1980s provided a realistic environment for the development of the political tendency in the army and it became an important factor in the instability of the democratic regime.The military politicization in the later Period of Punto Fijo System had a direct impact on the Venezuelan civil military relations in the fifth republic.