上级转移支付与地方财政努力——基于中国县级数据的实证分析

Transfer Payments and Local Fiscal Efforts——Based on the Empirical Analyses from the County-level Data in China

本文基于我国1997～2011年县级数据,实证研究了我国转移支付对县级财政努力度的影响。研究表明:各地区财政努力程度差异较大,经济发达地区财政努力度远高于经济欠发达地区;转移支付显著降低了地方财政努力度;转移支付对不同地区财政努力度的影响存在地区差异,其对经济发达地区的影响最大,这有助于缩小区域间财政收入差距,但这种均等是建立在转移支付对地方财政收入行为消极影响基础上的,是一种"无效率"的均等;在各类税收返还和转移支付中,税收返还显著提高了地方财政努力度,一般性转移支付和专项转移支付则显著降低了地方财政努力度,其中一般性转移支付的效果更加显著。因而,需要构建激励相容的转移支付制度。

Based on the county-level data from 1997 to 2011,this thesis empirically examines the effects of transfer payments on the fiscal efforts.The results of the research are as follows:the degree of fiscal efforts varies significantly among regions,and the degree of fiscal efforts in economically developed regions is much higher than that in economically under-developed regions;transfer payments notably reduce the degree of fiscal efforts of local governments;regional disparities exist among the effects of transfer payments on the fiscal effort degree in various regions,and transfer payments have the most obvious effects on the economically developed regions which serve to mitigate the financial disparities among regions,but this sort of equalization proves to be built upon negative impact of transfers on sub-national fiscal revenues,and thus it is an“inefficient equalizatio”;among various kinds of tax returns and transfers,tax returns significantly improve the degree of fiscal efforts at the local level,while general transfer payments and special transfer payments obviously decrease the degree of local fiscal efforts and in terms of their effects,general transfer payments is more significant.Therefore,transfer payment with incentive compatibility needs to be constructed.