低/超低烟碱含量烟叶生产途径及对烟叶化学成分和质量的影响

Production route of low/ultra low nicotine tobacco and its effect on chemical compostion and quality of the same

烟碱是烟叶和烟气中重要的具有生理活性的化学成分,大幅度降低烟碱含量对烟叶化学组成和感官质量会产生显著影响。目前虽然可通过遗传育种、遗传工程、农艺调控和化学萃取等途径在一定程度上实现低/超低烟碱含量烟叶生产,但能否大规模投入使用尚存在不确定性。本文针对烟碱管控这一国际烟草界热点问题,围绕低烟碱烟叶生产途径和特点,低烟碱烟叶化学成分和烟叶质量变化等进行了全面综述,并对低烟碱烟叶生产和应用的可行性和局限性进行了分析和展望。

Nicotine is an important bio-active chemical component in tobacco leaves and smoke.A substantial reduction of nicotine content would have significant effect on chemical matrix and sensory quality of tobacco.Although the production of low/ultra low nicotine content tobacco could be realized to some extents through approaches like breeding,genetic engineering,agronomic control and chemical extraction,it is still uncertain whether it can be conducted in a large scale.This article reviewed the main aspects related to the hot issue of nicotine reduction,including the approaches for low and ultra low nicotine tobacco production,changes in chemistry and leaf quality for low nicotine tobacco.The prospect of low/ultra low nicotine production in practical use in industry was also discussed.