典型山区农户生计脆弱性及其空间差异——以四川凉山彝族自治州为例

Assessment and Spatial Difference of Peasant Household's Livelihood Vulnerability in Representative Mountain Areas:A Case Study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan,China

开展脆弱性空间差异分析,有助于识别不同地域类型农户的致贫风险,对有效制定精准帮扶措施具有重要意义。以四川凉山彝族自治州为例,基于可持续生计框架,建立了农户生计脆弱性评估指标体系,利用实地调查获得的496份农户样本数据进行生计脆弱性评估。结果表明:生计脆弱性值为高寒山区>二半山区>山坡区>河谷区,具有地貌类型差异、海拔梯度差异和民族分布差异等空间差异特征,且与致贫风险具有对应关系。其中,高寒山区农户生计脆弱最高,致贫风险最高;二半山区脆弱性明显,致贫风险较高;河谷区、山坡区脆弱性较低,致贫风险低。造成脆弱性及致贫风险空间差异的原因既包括自然条件的胁迫,也包括少数民族人口能力素质的不足、文化习俗和思想观念的制约。因此需要通过构建贫困山区农户可持续生计模式、引导思想观念转变等方式进行精准帮扶,提升其风险应对能力,降低贫困脆弱性。

As a key factor to recognize the risks of causing poverty,livelihood vulnerability,obviously,is of great significance for poverty alleviation.Most research on vulnerability have focused on regional vulnerability assessment,but only a few studies have begun considering the spatial difference of livelihood vulnerability.To reveal the characteristics and causes of vulnerability spatial difference,the representative mountain areas,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan,China,was taken as the case study area.Based on the gradient altitude and landforms,mountain settlements of study area were classified into four types:the high-mountain settlement,the semi-mountain settlement,the hilly settlement and the river valley settlements,and 496 households were surveyed by structured questionnaire.Then a livelihood vulnerability assessment indicator system,which based on sustainable livelihood framework,was constructed.The results showed that:livelihood vulnerability value of the high-mountain settlement was greater than that of semi-mountain settlement,the hilly settlement was even smaller,and the smallest one was the river valley settlements.The vulnerability values was notably related to settlement landforms,altitude and the minority distribution.Furthermore,livelihood vulnerability values could reflect the differences of poverty risk between sample areas to some extent.The high-mountain settlements had very high livelihood vulnerability values as well as extremely high poverty risk,which meant that peasants there were more likely to fall into poverty.Similarly,the semi-mountain settlements also had high livelihood vulnerability values,but showed much lower poverty risk.In contrast,both livelihood vulnerability values and poverty risk were relatively low in the hilly settlements and the river valley settlements.The reasons of the vulnerability and poverty risk above could be concluded to natural conditions limitation,competency deficiency of minority population,restriction of backward idea and cultural conventions.The need for measures of targeted poverty alleviation,including the construction of sustainable livelihoods models and the transformation of backward ideas for peasant household,were identified as effective actions for improving their ability to cope with risks and reducing the vulnerability to poverty.