黄淮海平原夏玉米一次性施肥肥料产品的筛选与产量效应

Fertilizer Product Screening and Yield Response About One-off Fertilization on Summer Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

【目的】筛选能保证黄淮海夏玉米实现高产、稳产、可持续性的一次性施用缓(控)释肥产品。【方法】选取山东、河南、河北3个玉米种植大省的4个试验点作为玉米一次性施肥定位试验点,选取CRFA、CRFB、CRFC、CRFD、CRFE、CRFF、CRFG、CRFH、CRFI和CRFJ(控释肥代码)10种的缓(控)释肥作为供试肥料,研究不同缓(控)释肥产品的一次性施用对玉米产量的影响。【结果】不同试验点、不同年度间玉米产量差异均达到了5%的显著水平(F=40.67、F=2.95),但不同施肥处理间差异不显著,同年度、同区域不同缓(控)释肥一次性施用和优化施肥没有显著性差异,可以实现一次性施肥;不同缓(控)释肥处理产量可持续性均高于优化施肥(OPT处理),可持续性指数(SYI)范围在0.65—0.70;除了CRFE处理,不同处理产量稳定性均高于OPT处理,变异系数(CV)范围在3.19%—7.32%。山东德州试验点不同处理玉米年均产量与OPT处理相比均无显著差异,CRFC处理玉米年均产量最高,为10 734.06 kg·hm^(-2);不同缓(控)释肥处理产量可持续性均高于OPT处理,其中CRFI、CRFD和CRFB处理的SYI值大于0.70;不同缓(控)释肥处理产量稳定性均高于OPT处理,CV值范围在14.00%—21.77%。本研究中玉米产量可持续性与产量高低没有明显的相关关系;德州试验点各处理玉米产量SYI值与CV值呈极显著的负相关关系,产量越稳定,产量可持续性越好。【结论】本研究选用的缓(控)释肥在玉米上一次性施用均起到了增产的效果,从提高产量的角度考虑,黄淮海区域可实现夏玉米一次性施肥的缓(控)释肥料产品为CRFC、CRFA和CRFB,德州试验区域为CRFC、CRFJ、CRFB和CRFI。从产量可持续性方面考虑,黄淮海区域首选产品为CRFG、CRFD、CRFH;德州试验区域首选产品为CRFI、CRFD、CRFB。从产量变异性较小方面考虑,黄淮海区域首选产品为CRFH、CRFB、CRFG;德州试验区域首选产品为CRFI、CRFD、CRFB。

【Objective】The aim of the experiment was to screen slow(controlled)release fertilizer products by using one-off fertilization for realizing the target of high,stable,sustainable yield of summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.【Method】Four sites in three maize big provinces(Shandong,Henan and Hebei)were selected as fixed position experiment sites of one-off fertilization on summer maize,ten varieties of slow(controlled)release fertilizer(CRF)as testing fertilizer,including CRFA,CRFB,CRFC,CRFD,CRFE,CRFF,CRFG,CRFH,CRFI,and CRFJ,were selected as testing fertilizers,and then effects of one-off fertilization of different slow(controlled)release fertilizer on yield of summer maize was researched.【Result】Maize yield between different experimental sites as well as different years were significantly different at 0.05 probability level(F=40.67,F=2.95),but maize yield between different fertilizer treatments had no significant difference.There was no significant difference between one-time application of CRF and OPT in the same year and the same region,so one-off fertilization could be achieved by one-time application of CRF.Yield sustainability of treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT,and the range of SYI was 0.65-0.70.In addition to CRFE,yield stability of other treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT,and the range of CV was 3.19%-7.32%.In the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province,average annual yield of summer maize had no significant difference between treatments about CRF and OPT.Average annual yield of summer maize under CRFC was the highest,which was 10734.06 kg·hm^-2.Yield sustainability of treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT,of which SYI of CRFI,CRFD and CRFB was more than 0.70.Yield stability of treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT,and the range of CV was 14.00%-21.77%.In this study,there was no obvious correlation between yield sustainability and yield of summer maize.In the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong,the SYI and CV of maize yield had significantly negative correlation,and the more stable the yield,the more sustainable the yield.【Conclusion】The CRF used in this study all had the effect of increasing yield of summer maize.Considering the aspect of high yield,CRFC,CRFA and CRFB could realize one-off fertilization on summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.And CRFC,CRFJ,CRFB,and CRFI could realize one-off fertilization on summer maize in the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province.Considering the aspect of sustainable yield,CRFG,CRFD and CRFH were better fertilizers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.And CRFI,CRFD and CRFB were better fertilizers in the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province.Considering the aspect of stable yield,CRFH,CRFB and CRFG were better fertilizers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.And CRFI、CRFD and CRFB were better fertilizers in the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province.