动态失速下H型垂直轴风力机实时变桨控制规律

Real-time variable-pitch control laws of H-type vertical axis wind turbine under dynamic stall

针对垂直轴风力机风能利用率低、自启动能力弱的问题,以1 kW H型垂直轴风力机为研究对象,通过对比美国Sandia国家实验室动态失速下测得的风力机实验结果与风洞静态实验结果,分析动态失速对桨距角调节的影响规律;以风轮的最大切向力为目标,得到垂直轴风力机在上风区和下风区的最佳理论攻角分别为14.8°和-14.8°。为使风轮在旋转过程中维持在最佳攻角附近,基于双致动盘多流管理论进行Matlab编程计算,建立风轮工作状态下的受力模型,获得垂直轴风力机在各个方位的桨距角。通过对0°和180°方位角下的桨距角进行修正,给出垂直轴风力机1周变桨距规律。最后,利用双致动盘多流管理论对提出的变桨控制规律进行理论验证。研究结果表明:利用该变桨距规律得到的风能利用率可以由34.6%提高到42.8%。

Aiming at the disadvantages of low efficiency and poor self-starting ability of vertical axis wind turbine,the study takes 1 kW H-type vertical axis wind turbine as the research object,the influence of dynamic stall on pitch angle adjustment was analyzed by contrasting the experimental results of wind turbine measured by dynamic stall at Sandia National Laboratory.The maximum tangential force of the wind wheel was regarded as the target,and the theoretical optimum angles of attack 14.8°and?14.8°at upwind area and downwind areas of wind turbine were obtained,respectively.In order to keep the wind wheel near the optimum angle of attack,the programming calculation in Matlab software based on double-multiple streamtubes theory was carried out,and the force model of the wind turbine was established and the pitch angle of the vertical axis wind turbine in each direction was obtained.By adjusting the pitch angle of 0°and 180°azimuth angle,the rule of the variable pitch of a vertical axis wind turbine was given.Finally,the proposed real-time variable-pitch control laws were verified based on the multi flow management theory of double actuated disk.The results show that the wind energy utilization rate can be increased from 34.6%to 42.8%by using the variable pitch.