特朗普执政以来美欧关系的变化、动因及影响

The Dynamics of Transatlantic Relations and the Trump Administration: Changes, Motives, and Impacts

特朗普执政后以"美国优先"为原则调整对外战略,对美欧关系造成巨大冲击。美国在贸易、安全、外交等各领域背离对欧政策传统,不顾欧洲利益、不听欧洲劝说、不屑与欧洲协调,对欧洲国家外交政策形成挑战。面对这一形势,欧洲已掀起一轮关于美欧关系前景的大辩论,跨大西洋主义的可持续性受到质疑。同时,欧洲对美"双重切割"政策初步成型。这一轮美欧关系变动是历史和现实政治作用的结果,是以杰克逊主义为底色的"特朗普主义"主导下的外交政策调整,是冷战后美欧世界观、权力观渐行渐远的结果,也是美国战略重心东移背景下欧洲对美战略价值下降的表现。此轮关系调整涉及美欧对自由主义国际秩序发展方向的分歧,触及美欧关系底线,影响深远。美欧关系的不确定性也给正处在十字路口的欧洲一体化进程带来更多挑战。美欧关系的变动将加剧自由主义国际秩序的危机。在继续积极引导美国、稳固中美关系的同时,中国应对欧洲外交的两面性和灵活性保持清醒认识,在当前国际秩序面临压力的背景下,继续做现行国际秩序的维护者和改良者。

Under the slogan of American First,the Trump administration’s policies have undermined U.S.-Europe relations,where Washington departs from its traditional policy positions on Europe by disrespecting European interests,disregarding European voices,and dismissing coordination with Europe in trade,security,and international affairs.In this context,a grand debate about transatlantic relations is on-going in Europe and a“two-fold compartmentation”policy is taking shape.The new round of changes in U.S.-Europe relations is the product of both historical trend and politics of the day,namely strategic adjustment under Trumpism with Jacksonism at its heart,diverging views from the United States and Europe of the world and of power,and declining strategic value of Europe in the context of rebalancing to Asia.This change reveals significant divergences between Washington and Brussels in terms of the so-called“Liberal International Order,”and the impact will be extended longer than Trump’s presidency.The uncertainty in U.S.-Europe relations presents more challenges to the European project,and aggravates the crisis facing the“Liberal International Order.”While continuing to push for stabilization of China-U.S.relations,China should be aware of both the“two faces”and flexibility of European foreign policies,and continue to be the upholder and reformer of the current world order.