转型、吸纳和渗透——挑战环境下执政党组织技术的嬗变及其问题

Transformation,Absorption and Permeation--Organizing Techniques Used by the Ruling Party in a Challenging Environment

30多年来,中国共产党作为执政党所主导的改革开放取得了令世人瞩目的成就,也面临了诸种可预料和未及预料的挑战。如何应对这些挑战,并将其转化为进一步改革的动力和制度创新的资源,对于既有体制的生存和演化具有重大的意义。本文从组织建设的维度考察执政党所面临的三种挑战,即以村民自治为中轴的民主选举的挑战,市场经济引发的社会结构裂变的挑战,以及与此紧密相关的公民社会成长的挑战。在“摸着石头过河”的试错中,执政党对上述三种挑战采取了不同的应对策略,这便是本文所要考察的三种组织技术:转型、吸纳和渗透。在扼要介绍这三种组织技术的基础上,本文尝试作一个简明的归纳分析。

For the last 30 years,the success of our ruling party s Reform and Opening has captured the whole world s attention.Over that same period,the Party has faced both foreseeable and unforeseeable challenges.Meeting these challenges and transforming them into momentum and institutional innovations to advance reforms are issues of crucial importance for the survival and evolution of the current system.This study examines three challenges facing the ruling party from the perspective of organization-building:democratic elections centered on village self-rule;fissions in the social structure caused by the development of the market economy;and,inextricably tied to the first two,the growth of civil society.Through a trial and error process of“crossing the river by feeling the stones”,the ruling party has adopted various strategies in response to these three challenges.This article s focus is on the organizational techniques employed:transformation,absorption and permeation.Based on its analysis of these techniques,the study attempts to offer a clear and comprehensive account while also discussing some relevant theoretical issues.