乡村文化建设中的精英动员与志愿失灵——以“屈原乡村图书馆”为例

Elite Mobilization and Volunteer Failure in Countryside Culture-Building--The Case of“Qu Yuan Countryside Library”

乡村曾经被视为人类个体生命以及族类的根基;但是在现代化与全球化浪潮的冲击下,乡村文化日益凋敝,逐渐失去其独到的文化精神内涵,沦为文化荒漠。在中央政府反复强调要做好“三农”工作、积极发展农业、推进新农村建设的同时,社会各界也在日益关注乡村文化建设的滞后问题。“屈原乡村图书馆”正是此类志愿活动的结果,本文以此为例,通过对“屈原乡村图书馆”的筹建过程、运作特点及现实困境的全面考察,分析现阶段乡村文化建设中的志愿服务特点。本文认为,当前乡村文化建设中的志愿服务多依靠村庄外部的精英、以“化缘”或“输血”方式提供。这些外部精英的奉献精神与其掌握的丰富的社会资本虽可在短期内推动乡村文化类公共产品的供给,但因缺乏长效的资源动员机制和村民参与激励机制而易出现志愿失灵的现象。要想真正化解这一问题,需要在“多中心”主体和谐共治的框架下,对包括政府、市场、志愿组织等在内的各个行动体系予以协调,确保各自的职能与作用发挥。

The countryside once held and nourished the roots of clan and of individual fate.Overcome by endless onslaughts of modernization and globalization,however,the countryside is withering,losing its unique cultural spirit and depth.Sadly,it largely has been reduced to a cultural desert.While the Party Center has reiterated its commitments to working on the“three rural”issues,developing agriculture and advancing new village-building,people in all reaches of society are concerned with the lag in countryside culture-building.The Qu Yuan Countryside Library is one result of that social concern and volunteerism.Taking the Library as its case,by examining the Library s start-up process,operations,and challenges,this study analyzes volunteer services in the field of countryside culture-building.The study finds that most volunteer efforts in countryside culture-building have relied on elites from outside the villages who provide support by“begging for alms”among the rich or delivering“transfusions”.These elites bring a sprit of giving and rich social capital,and with them are able to launch programs providing cultural public goods in villages in a short time span.However,because their programs often lack both long-term strategies for resource mobilization and incentives for sustained villager participation,these efforts ultimately serve as an example of volunteer failure.This issue can only truly be resolved by using a framework in which“multi-centric”agents harmoniously work together.Only by coordinating the efforts of the government,markets,and volunteer organizations can all those efforts reap their full rewards.