动车组车轴的同轴度测量及误差分析

The coaxial measurement and error analysis of the axle of the bullet train

通过一套基于光幕传感器的同轴度检测系统,利用光幕传感器采集车轴的表面数据,在推导同轴度误差过程中,考虑系统本身的安装误差,着重对车轴两顶尖延长线不平行问题进行研究,首先,通过最小二乘法确定车轴的实际回转轴线,然后,以标定车轴旋转过程中每一旋转角度的圆心位置为点集P,采用基于α-壳的最小包容圆算法求出点集P的最小包容圆,最后,通过遗传算法求得n个测量截面的最小包容圆所组成的圆柱体求得车轴的同轴度误差。将该系统的测量结果与三坐标测量的结果进行比较,验证了研究的正确性。

Considering the installation error of the system itself,emphatically studies the problems of the two top extension cord is not parallel to the axle.First of all,least squares method is used to determine the actual axle rotary axis.Then,in order to calibrate each rotation angle in the process of axle rotation center position for point set P,α-shell based minimal enclosing circle algorithm is used to obtain the smallest enclosing circle of point set P.Finally,genetic algorithm is used to obtain n measurement section of minimum enclosing circle cylinder for axle shaft alignment error.In addition,the measurement results of the system are compared with the results of the three coordinate measurements,and the correctness of the method is verified.