三轴加速度计用于体力活动的评估:现状与未来

Triaxial accelerometer applied in assessing physical activity: current status and prospects

背景:三轴加速度计已经广泛地应用于不同人群体力活动的监测中,并表现出较高的信度与效度,国外研究甚至已经将三轴加速度计应用到动物身上进行体力活动监测,与此同时,也存在一定误差,国内对于三轴加速度计在体力活动应用并不是很多。目的:对国内外关于三轴加速度计用于体力活动监测研究进行述评,以了解国内外关于三轴加速度用于体力活动评估的研究现状、存在问题及未来改进方向。方法:以"加速度计、体力活动、能量消耗"以及对应的英文短语"Accelerometer、Physical Activity、Energy expenditure"为中英文关键词,搜索截止至2017年12月包括Elsevier SDOL、Web of Science以及CNKI中文资料总库的文献数据库,检索有关三轴加速度计及体力活动相关的中英文文献,并根据研究需要确立相应的入选标准对所得文献进行筛选。结果与结论:(1)三轴加速度计在动作分析中具有很好的精度,可以广泛应用于人体动作分析,而在能量消耗预测方面,三轴加速度计仅在走跑类活动中表现出较高的效度;(2)大部分研究将三轴加速度计携于腰部,这一位置仅对走、跑类体力活动消耗监测表现出良好的信效度,而在特殊活动的监测并不是最佳位置,而应以所要研究的肢体动作为依据;(3)国外所建立的能量消耗预测模型并不能完全适用于中国公民的体力活动消耗,须要进一步加以改进;(4)体力活动算法缺少统一化的标准;(5)三轴加速度计在体力活动监测相比于其他影响三轴加速度精度的因素而言,佩戴位置和算法是三轴加速度计最需要克服的,在未来应加大对这两方面的研究,多做一些不同佩戴位置对于能量消耗影响的变异研究,同时应引入一些新的数据分析方法:如数据挖掘和机器学习,实现算法标准化;此外三轴加速度的研究应该走出实验室,所研究对象应尽可能多地覆盖不同人群。

BACKGROUND:Triaxial accelerometer has been widely used in the monitoring of different groups of human activities and has shown high reliability and validity.Foreign studies have applied triaxial accelerometers to animals for physical activity monitoring.At the same time,there are certain errors,and there are few applications for triaxial accelerometers in physical activity in China.OBJECTIVE:To review the researches on the physical activity monitoring of triaxial accelerometers at home and abroad so as to understand the research status,problems and research direction.METHODS:Elsevier SDOL,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were retrieved with the keywords of“accelerometer,physical activity,energy expenditure”in English and Chinese,respectively,at the end of December 2017.The literatures related to triaxial accelerometers and physical activity were searched and then screened based on inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The triaxial accelerometer has good accuracy in motion analysis and can be extensively applied in human motion analysis.However,in the prediction of energy consumption,the triaxial accelerometer only shows high validity in walking and walking activities.(2)Most of the studies have carried the triaxial accelerometer to the waist,which only shows a good reliability and validity for the monitoring of walking and running activities.But,the monitoring of special activities was not in the best position,and the body movements should be considered as the basis.(3)The energy consumption prediction model established at abroad cannot be fully applied to the physical activity consumption of Chinese and needs further improvement.(4)There is a lack of unified standard for physical activity algorithm.(5)Compared to other effects on triaxiality in terms of acceleration accuracy,wearing positions and algorithms are the most important requirements for triaxial accelerometers.In the future,more research should be conducted on these two aspects.More researches on the effects of different wearing positions on energy consumption are needed.New data analysis methods should also be introduced,such as data mining and machine learning to standardize the algorithm.In addition,a large-size and multi-center trials are required.