佛教“灵峰派”的定位及归属问题新议

A New Discussion on Identity and Orientation of "Lingfeng School" of Buddhism

明末高僧蕅益与禅宗、天台宗、净土宗等佛教宗派有着密切关联,但坚决反对佛教诸宗各执门庭的时弊,故而发扬调和诸宗的思想,开创了"融汇诸宗,归极净土"的"灵峰派",并主张三学一源、性相融会。关于"灵峰派"的归属问题,学术界历来莫衷一是,因此对"灵峰派"的定位亦众说纷纭。"灵峰派"虽与中国佛教天台宗、净土宗等宗派紧密联系,但其自身具有独特的历史背景、思想宗旨、法脉传承和固定的弘化中心,因此成为有别于"八大宗派"和"五家七宗"的一种宗派形态,既综合继承了明末之前的中国佛教,又开启了一种后世非常流行的佛教新形态。

Although Ouyi was closely related to Chan sect,Tiantai sect and Pure Land sect,he disagreed with the idea of holding any sect in Buddhism.So he criticized the contemporary situation,carried forward the ideas of harmony among the various schools of thought,and pioneered in a unique way the idea of“the commandments,meditation and wisdom originated from one source”.The"Lingfeng School",which dominates Chan,Tiantai teaching and Vinaya in the Pure Land,has far-reaching influence.There are different opinions on the attribution of Lingfeng School,so there is no agreement on the orientation of it.Although"Lingfeng School"is closely related to Tiantai sect and Pure Land sect,it has its own unique historical background,ideological purpose,lineage inheritance and preaching center,so it is quite independent.It might be regarded as another form of sect which is different from the concept of"eight major sects"and"five schools and seven lineages",that is,it inherits the tradition of Chinese Buddhism,and opened a new form of Buddhism which is very popular in later generations.