教师交流轮岗制度的政策成本估算——基于对河南省城镇教师的调查

Cost Estimation of Exchange and Work Shift Policy of Teachers: Evidences from a Survey on Urban Teachers in Henan Province

推进教师交流轮岗制度是当前缓解中国义务教育阶段城乡教师资源配置不均衡的一项重要举措。这一制度的核心在于设计合理的激励机制,促进城镇教师自发参与交流轮岗的积极性。本文首先从理论上分析了对城镇教师参与交流轮岗的补助原则,然后采用选择实验方法基于对河南省三个县城镇教师的抽样调查数据估算了补助标准。研究发现,城镇教师参与交流轮岗的平均补助标准是1.59万元/年/人,河南省用于执行教师交流轮岗制度的政策成本为3.15亿元/年,占年度财政性教育经费总额的0.24%。采用职称类激励和荣誉类激励措施可以适度降低政策成本,但不能完全替代货币补助。个体特征和家庭特征因素导致不同教师参与交流轮岗的补助标准存在显著差异。

The implementation of exchange and work shift policy of teachers is an important measure to alle.viate China’s unbalanced teacher allocation between urban and rural areas at compulsory education stage.The key issue of the policy is to design a compatible incentive mechanism to motivate urban teachers to actively par.ticipate in exchanging and work shifting.This paper firstly,in theory,analyzes the subsidy principle for partici.pated urban teachers,and then employs choice experiment method to estimate the standard of subsidy based on the data from a sampling survey on urban teachers from three counties in Henan province.Results show that the standard average subsidy for every involved teacher is 15,900 RMB per year,and the expenditure that Henan province uses to apply this policy is 315 million RMB per year,accounting for 0.24%of the annual edu.cation budget.Adopting professional title incentive and honor incentive measures can moderately reduce the poli.cy cost,but it cannot completely substitute the monetary subsidy.Due to the difference of individual and family characteristics,the subsidy standard on different teachers varies remarkably.