论康德道德案例的编制原则

On Kant's Principles of Working Out Moral Cases

由于康德主张纯粹理性具有先天的、独立于任何经验的道德法则,所以,无法在经验性的现实生活中找到一个完全践履了道德法则的实例,他认为举例在道德哲学中是无益的。但是,他频繁地编制了许多道德案例,以此启发人们可以意识到普遍的道德法则的实在性。他编制道德案例,遵从以下三个原则:从普通实践理性中抉发出普遍的道德法则;制定准则成为道德法则的检验标准;道德教育的核心是培养正确的道德思维方式。

Kant declaims that pure reason has a priori moral law independent of experience,so we cannot find out an actual example who is a pure moral person in empirical and real life.Kant thinks it is useless to give an example in moral philosophy.He,however,worked out many moral cases frequently,and tried to show that people can be conscious of the reality of the universal moral laws.When he is working out the moral cases,he follows such 3 principles:1.Digging out the moral laws in common practical reason;2.Making the criteria to test whether our subjective maxims can be moral laws;3.The core of moral education is to form right mode of moral thinking.