灵魂的陨落与身体的解放——试寻笛卡尔身心观之文艺复兴渊源

The Falling of the Soul and Emancipation of the Body:Inquiring Into the Influence of Renaissance on the Cartesian Conceptions of Body and Soul

文章认为笛卡尔身心观的革命性并不在于他主张身心二元,而是心灵在他这里不再拥有古人所赋予的神圣性。发生在文艺复兴时期心理学领域中的两场大论战为这个局面做了充分的准备:一方面,围绕着理智灵魂是否不朽的论战使得理智思考活动不再是接受来自神界的真理;另一方面,是否应该区别灵魂与其机能的论战使得灵魂再不是一种赋予身体生命活力的神圣力量。

This thesis intends to inquire into the influence of two great debates in psychology during Renaissance on the Cartesian conceptions of body and soul.On the one hand,after the debate over the immortality of intellective soul,the intellective soul lost its holiness in ontology.On the other hand,the debate on whether the faculties of soul really distinct from the soul itself made the soul no longer the life principle of the individual body.