从构式化看汉语动结式的内部类别

Constructionalization: Subtypes in Chinese Resultative Verb Compounds

动结式是汉语复杂补语结构中的一种重要类型,以往关于汉语动结式的研究大都着重考察特定的动词在不同组合中的功能演变,对动结式的内部类别缺乏充分的关注。在构式化的理论背景下讨论动结式的内部类别,汉语中典型的动结式"V完"、"V却"、"V破"、"V醉"可以分为由语法化而来的动结式和由词汇化而来的动结式两种类型。由语法化而来的汉语动结式中表达结果的补语的词汇意义基本消失,在一定程度上表现出表达完成意义的体标记的某些语法功能。由词汇化而来的汉语动结式中补语除了表达结果之外,其词汇意义仍然存在。

Previous researches on Chinese resultative verb compounds usually pay much more attention to the functional changes of certain verbs in different combinations without a sufficient attention to the categories.After a detailed study on the constructions of“V+wan(完)”,“V+que(却)”,“V+po(破)”and“V+zui(醉)”,we draw our conclusion that Chinese resultative verb compounds contain two different categories.One comes from grammaticalization,in which the complementaries lose their vocabulary meanings.The other is the result of lexicalization in which the complementaries keep their vocabulary meanings.