后现代与后结构主义视角的农政问题及农政变迁

Agrarian Question and Agrarian Change from the Perspective of Postmodernism and Post-Structuralism

起于20世纪50年代的后现代与后结构主义思潮对发展研究领域,尤其是对农政变迁的研究贡献有其独特之处。后现代与后结构主义批判侵夺自然、剥夺人的现代资本主义农业;主张重新审视人与自然、人与人的关系,发展后现代农业;主张用话语分析的方法,研究国家和市场力量推动下的农村变迁和土地流转。通过论述作为主体的人的消失,后现代与后结构主义着重指出农民如何在"发展"中被问题化为需要改造的对象、在流动中被规训为驯服的工人或剩余的劳动力。这一思潮从话语、权力、规训和生命政治等视角批判和质疑启蒙主义的哲学基础,创造多元叙事的空间和可能,为解释农政变迁提供了另一条理路。

Postmodernism and post-structuralism emerged in 1950s have made unique contributions to development studies,especially in the studies on agrarian change.Postmodernism and post-structuralism criticize modern capitalist agriculture for its exploitation on man and nature.They advocate for re-examining the relationship between man and nature,and that of man and man in order to develop postmodern agriculture.They utilize discourse analysis to explore agrarian change and land transfer pushed by the state and the market.Through arguing“man is end”,postmodernism and post-structuralism exhibit how peasants have been problematized into objects to be transformed in the“development”process,and how they are disciplined to be docile workers or surplus labor in migration.This perspective challenges the philosophical foundation of didacticism via discourse,power,discipline and bio-politics.It creates room for pluralistic narratives and provides a new paradigm to explain agrarian change.