隐名投资现象的法律规制

The Legislative Regulation of Dormant Investment

隐名投资是不为我国立法所提倡的一种现象,大致可分为规避法律型和形式不完备型。我国《公司法》并未规定隐名股东制度,相关司法解释中以合同规则调整隐名投资所涉法律关系的规定难以适应现实需求。借鉴其他国家规制隐名投资的法律制度,结合隐名投资现象的成因及有关法理,我国《公司法》应当有限度地承认隐名投资者的股东身份。对于有限责任公司,为维护股东之间的信任关系,不能认可隐名投资者的股东身份;对于股份有限公司,如果隐名投资者举证自己是实际出资人,则在不违犯法律规定且显名股东认可时,可以确认其股东身份。

The dormant investment can be roughly divided into two categories:evasion of law and incomplete form,which is not advocated by China′s legislation.The Company Law of China does not stipulate the dormant shareholder system.The relevant judicial interpretation adjusts the relationship of dormant investment with the contract rules,which cannot meet the requirement of reality.In view of the regulation of dormant investment of other countries,the relevant jurisprudence and the cause of dormant investment,the i-dentity of shareholders of dormant partners shall be recognized by the Company Law of China to a limited extent.For a limited liability company,in order to maintain the trust relationship between shareholders,the identity of shareholders of dormant partners shall not be recognized.For a company limited by shares,if dormant investors prove their actual capital contribution,the shareholder identity can be confirmed when the legal provisions are not violated and the nominal shareholder is recognized.