北魏孝文帝迁都环境因素考论

On the Environmental Factors of Emperor Xiaowen's Capital Relocation in Northern Wei Dynasty

四世纪末到五世纪中叶,北魏实行的大规模"移民实京"活动。伴随着人口的增加,孝文帝时期的平城地区成为史书记载的灾害多发区,其频次占北魏全境灾害总量的一半以上。水、旱等灾荒频发的史实与文本表征的背后,一方面体现了史书编纂者文本记录的侧重点,另一方面则反映了平城作为北魏政治中心人口增多、环境承载力下降与社会关注度提高的史实。公元493年,北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳。除了政治、经济、军事、文化等方面的原因外,平城及周边地区灾害频发的客观现实也是迁都的因素之一。

From the end of 4th century to the middle of 5th century,the Northern Wei Dynasty carried out a large-scale immigrant activity.With the increase of population,Pingcheng area in the period of Emperor Xiaowen became a disaster-prone area recorded in the history books,and its frequency accounted for more than half of the total disasters in the Northern Wei Dynasty.Behind the histori-cal facts and textual representations of frequent floods and droughts,on the one hand,it reflects the focus of textual records of histori-ans,on the other hand,it reflects the historical facts of Pingcheng,as the political center of the Northern Wei Dynasty,were an en-larged population,decreased environmental carrying capacity and increased social concern.In 493 AD,Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang.In addition to the political,economic,military,cultural and other reasons,the objective reality of frequent disasters in Pingcheng and surrounding areas is also one of the factors of capital relocation.