膨润土在水污染治理中吸附无机污染物的应用进展

Progress in the application of bentonite to the adsorption for inorganic pollutants in water pollution control

膨润土是一种具有吸附活性的天然黏土矿物,在水污染治理中可作为一种低成本、高效和易再生的吸附剂。介绍了膨润土处理重金属、有害非金属、放射性核素、氰化物、氟化物、高氯酸盐等无机污染物的效果。天然膨润土对水中部分无机污染物的吸附率较低,而膨润土经物理或化学改性后可明显提高对部分无机污染物的吸附效果。在此基础上,总结了膨润土作为环境保护用吸附剂存在的问题,并展望了今后的研究方向。

Bentonite is a kind of natural clay mineral with adsorption activity,and it has been used as a kind of low cost,high efficiency and easy to regenerate adsorbent in water pollution control.The effects of bentonite adsorption on the treatment of inorganic pollutants,such as heavy metal,harmful nonmetal elements,radionuclide,cyanide,flu-oride,perchlorate,etc.,are introduced.It is found that the adsorption rates of natural bentonite for some kinds of inor-ganic pollutants existed in wastewater are rather low,but the adsorption effect of bentonite having been subjected to physical or chemical modification on some kinds of inorganic pollutants can significantly be improved.On this basis,theexisting problems of bentonite used as adsorbent for environmental protection are summarized,and future research direction is prospected.