小蠹虫类异戊二烯类聚集信息素的生物合成

Biosynthesis of isoprenoid aggregation pheromones in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

小蠹虫(小蠹科)是重要的森林蛀干害虫,在蛀食坑道时导致树木水分和养分运输系统受到破坏,短时间内对整片森林造成严重的经济危害。聚集信息素在小蠹虫聚集危害过程中扮演着非常重要的角色,目前已有多种小蠹虫聚集信息素成分被鉴定并成功应用于生产防控工作中。类异戊二烯类聚集信息素是小蠹虫中极为重要的一类聚集信息素,其主要成分包括小蠹烯醇、小蠹二烯醇、马鞭草烯醇及其衍生物。本文从类异戊二烯类聚集信息素的生物合成前体物质、生物合成位点、生物合成途径、取食和JHШ调控、微生物与其生物合成关系以及展望6个方面出发,全面阐述了齿小蠹属Ips和大小蠹属Dendroctonus中小蠹虫聚集信息素的生物合成机制及调控机制。文中首先重点阐述了小蠹虫体内以甲羟戊酸途径从头合成小蠹二烯醇以及利用寄主成分α-蒎烯直接合成马鞭草烯醇的生物合成过程;其次阐述了生物合成途径中关键酶和基因对小蠹取食和JHШ处理的响应以及小蠹虫肠道微生物和伴生真菌对该类聚集信息素生物合成的影响;最后,针对小蠹虫类异戊二烯类聚集信息素生物合成研究作了探讨和展望。本文为开发和应用其聚集信息素控制小蠹虫危害提供理论基础。

The bark beetles(Scolytidae)are important wood boring pests,which can severely damage the water and nutrient transport systems of their hosts and cause significant economic loss to the damaged forest in a relatively short time.The aggregation pheromones of bark beetles play an important role in the process of their mass attack.Many aggregation pheromone components of bark beetles have been identified and applied successfully to manage and control bark beetle outbreak in the field.Among them,isoprenoid aggregation pheromones are the most important ones which include several kinds of components,such as ipsenol,ipsdienol,verbenol and their derivatives.In this article,in order to clarify the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of isoprenoid aggregation pheromones of bark beetles in genera Ips and Dendroctonus,we focused on such six aspects as biosynthesis precursors,biosynthesis sites,biosynthesis pathway,feeding and JHШregulation,relationships of microbes and biosynthesis,and the future research prospects.Firstly,we mainly introduced the de novo biosynthesis pathway of ipsdienol via mevalonate pathway and the transformation process of host volatile alpha-pinene to verbenol.Then,we summarized and elaborated the responses of key enzymes and genes in the biosynthesis pathway of juvenile hormoneШand feeding treatments as well as the effects of gut microbes and associated fungi in bark beetles on aggregation pheromone biosynthesis.Finally,we put forward some research expectations concerning biosynthesis of isoprenoid aggregation pheromones in bark beetles.These information provide a theoretical basis for developing and applying aggregation pheromones to control bark beetles.