上海解放初期外汇市场结构与业务变动历程探析(1949-1952)

Business Change Evolution and Foreign Exchange Market Structure in Early Shanghai Liberation Period(1949-1952)

上海解放后,国家机关、国营企事业单位的外汇收支纳入政府管理,外汇市场中有仍保留外汇收支业务的私营企事业单位、个人及外资企业、外资银行,业务范围不断缩小。随着金融监管的不断加强,经营外汇业务的指定银行中,中国银行逐渐超过外资银行和私营华商银行,取得压倒性优势。因国营外贸企业占据主导地位,外汇业务逐渐趋于非市场化。上海外汇市场萎缩是新中国对外经济关系发生重大转变的必然结果。

After the liberation of Shanghai,the foreign exchange receipts and expenditures of state organs and state-owned enterprises and institutions were incorporated into governmental supervision.The foreign exchange market was limited to private enterprises and institutions,individuals,foreign-funded enterprises,and foreign-funded banks that had foreign exchange receipts and payments.Even so,with the continuous strengthening of financial supervision,among the designated banks that handled foreign exchange business,Bank of China gradually overtook foreign banks and private Chinese banks to gain an overwhelming advantage.Because of the dominant position of state-owned foreign trade enterprises,foreign exchange business tended to non-marketization.The shrinking of Shanghai foreign exchange market was the inevitable result of a major change in China’s foreign economic relations.