装备制造业协同创新网络结构演化与空间特征研究——黑龙江1985-2017年专利数据分析

Collaborative Innovation Network Structure Evolution and Its Spatial Characteristics of Equipment Manufacturing Industry——the Analysis of Cooperative Patent Data in Heilongjiang Province from 1985 to 2017

随着创新资源和知识流动性日益增强,装备制造业逐渐从企业内部独立研发转向协同创新,协同创新网络成为装备制造业的重要创新形式。以黑龙江1985-2017年专利合作数据为基础,对装备制造业协同创新网络演化及特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)企业是最重要的创新主体,并呈现出"国退民进"特征,民营企业地位迅速提升,国有企业地位有所下降但仍占据关键节点,高校与科研院所参与创新数量较少但为重要的创新实践者和桥接者;(2)创新网络结构等级性明显,创新网络空间结构存在结构洞现象,高校、国有企业或主要城市占据结构洞位置;(3)城市尺度、省级尺度协同创新地位不断下降,国家尺度创新成为最重要的空间载体。因此,欠发达地区应拓展创新合作尺度和范围,发挥企业创新主体和技术守门员作用,构建有利于创新资源有序流动和创新主体合作的创新市场体系,建立创新发展共同体和产学研"创新三角"等。

With the fluidity of innovation resources and knowledge enhancing increasingly,a staged breakthrough from independent innovation to collaborative innovation is happened in the equipment manufacturing industry.And collaborative innovation network become the main form in equipment manufacturing industry innovation.With the cooperative patent data of manufacturing industry in Heilongjiang from 1985 to 2017,this paper explores the evolution of collaborative innovation network structure of the equipment manufacturing industry.Result shows that:①the enterprises are the main innovative subjects which shows a characteristic of"state-owned enterprises withdraw and private-owned enterprises advance",and the status of private enterprises in collaborative innovation network rise rapidly.Even though the status of state-owned enterprises decline,they are still the key nodes in collaborative innovation network.Also,the colleges and research institutes are the important practitioners and linkers.②There exists hierarchy and structural hole phenomenon in collaborative innovation network,and the colleges,state-owned enterprises and major cities occupies the hole location.③collaborative innovation status of urban scale and provincial scale decline,and national scale become the most important collaborative innovations spatial carrier.Thus,the less developed areas should expand the innovation space scale and innovation field,and give play to the role of enterprise innovation main body and technology of a goalkeeper.Then,it's necessary to construct the innovation market systems which are conducive to the innovation resources flowing and innovative cooperation.And establishing the innovation community and industry-university-research"innovation triangle"are also needed.