2011—2015年北京市丰台区常住人口主要恶性肿瘤死亡对期望寿命的影响研究

Impact of Death Due to Major Malignant Tumors on Life Expectancy among the Permanent Residents in Beijing's Fengtai District,2011—2015

目的探讨2011—2015年北京市丰台区常住人口主要恶性肿瘤死亡对期望寿命的影响。方法 2011—2015年北京市丰台区死因为前5种恶性肿瘤(肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌)的常住人口资料来源于《全国死因登记报告信息系统》,2011—2015年北京市丰台区常住人口数据来自北京市公安局。应用蒋庆琅寿命表法计算期望寿命;利用Arriaga分解法计算恶性肿瘤患者不同年龄段期望寿命变化情况;运用Arriaga死因分解法分析任一死因对于期望寿命变化的影响。结果 2011—2015年北京市丰台区常住人口年均期望寿命为82.34岁,女性高于男性。2011—2012年为期望寿命上升年,起主要正作用的恶性肿瘤是肺癌,其次是结直肠癌、胰腺癌和胃癌,肝癌则是对期望寿命上升起反作用;2013—2015年为期望寿命下降年,肺癌的贡献最大,导致期望寿命下降0.053岁,然而结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌对于期望寿命的降低均起反作用。结论肺癌是影响期望寿命最大的肿瘤,减少吸烟和厨房油烟吸入是降低死亡率的关键。肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和胰腺癌对期望寿命的影响均小于肺癌,不良的个人行为和生活方式如吸烟、饮酒、饮食习惯、肥胖等危险因素的控制应尽早采取干预措施,可降低各年龄段恶性肿瘤死亡率。

Objective To explore the impact of death due to major malignant tumors on life expectancy among the permanent residents in Beijing's Fengtai District from 2011 to 2015.Methods We collected the data concerning the permanent residents of Beijing's Fengtai District during 2011 to 2015 from Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau,and the data about the permanent residents of Beijing's Fengtai District who died of 5 major malignant tumors(lung cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,pancreatic cancer)from National Cause-of-death Registration System.The life table developed by CHIN Long Chiang was used for calculating the life expectancy.Arriaga's method was adopted to decompose the differences in life expectancy by age groups as well as death causes.Results During 2011 to 2015,the average life expectancy of the permanent residents in Fengtai District was 82.34 years old.Women had longer average life expectancy than men.Life expectancy grew in the period 2011-2012,which was mainly attributed to the death toll falling from lung cancer,followed by colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer,but the increased liver cancer death toll played a contrary effect.Life expectancy declined in the period 2013-2015,showing a 0.053-year-old decrease,which was due to the increased death toll from lung cancer,while the decreased death toll from colorectal cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer was counterproductive.Conclusion Lung cancer is most closely related to life expectancy,followed by liver cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer.Therefore,reducing tobacco consumption and smoke inhalation in the kitchen are the key to decreasing cancer mortality.Moreover,the control of risk factors such as bad life habits(tobacco consumption,alcohol consumption and bad eating habits)and obesity and early targeted interventions can lower the age group-specific cancer mortality.