地膜覆盖对小麦土壤水热状况及灌浆特性的影响

Effect of Mulching on the Moisture and Temperature of Soil and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Wheat

为探索适合旱地小麦新品种普冰151的高产栽培模式,在关中平原西部杨凌地区550mm降水条件下,对覆膜穴播、起垄覆膜沟播和露地条播小麦的土壤水热状况、灌浆特性及产量进行了比较分析。结果表明,地膜小麦的土壤含水量在越冬至拔节期高于露地条播,有利于冬前形成壮苗和早春返青,拔节期之后覆膜穴播小麦田土壤含水量最低(除0～20cm);覆膜于小麦拔节期前增温、保温效果显著,拔节期后地温较对照有所降低;覆膜穴播和起垄覆膜沟播平均灌浆速率比露地条播分别提高11.9%和5.5%,且能延长灌浆持续期;与露地条播相比,覆膜穴播和起垄覆膜沟播分别增产10.8%和4.9%,差异显著。综上所述,覆膜穴播小麦在保墒、保温及增产方面表现最好,起垄覆膜沟播次之;地膜小麦是适宜半湿润易旱地区小麦高产栽培方式。

In order to explore the high-yield cultivation pattern for dry land wheat variety Pubing 151,comparative analyses of soil hydrotheristics conditions,grain filling characteristics and yield were conducted under mulching bunch seeding,ridging furrow sowing,and uncovered strip cropping in the west of Guanzhong Plain in Yangling District under the 550 mm rainfall condition.The results showed that the soil moisture of film mulching wheat is significantly higher than that of uncovered filling,especially at jointing stage in the winter solstice,which is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings before winter and turning green in early spring.The soil moisture is lowest in mulching bunch seeding after the jointing stage(with the exception of 0-20 cm).The calescence of film mulching wheat is before jointing stage,and the effect of preserving heat is significant.The average grain filling rate of mulching bunch seeding and ridging furrow sowing was increased by 11.9%and 5.5%,respectively,compared with that under uncovered drilling.And the grain filling period can be prolonged.The yield of mulching bunch seeding and ridging furrow sowing was increased by 10.8%and 4.9%,respectively.According to the integrated analysis of the above results,the mulching bunch seeding is the best in soil preservation,heat preservation and stimulation,followed by the film mulching.The film mulching is suitable for high-yielding cultivation of dry and semi-arid areas.