池塘循环水养殖5种品系南美白对虾肌肉营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in the muscle of 5 strains of Penaeus vannamei cultured in circulating water in ponds

为研究5种品系南美白对虾在池塘循环水系统养殖条件下的营养特点,采用常规生化成分测定法对各品系对虾肌肉营养成分进行测定并分析评价。结果显示:南美白对虾含肉率为50. 57%～56. 13%;常规营养成分中,品系A蛋白质(20. 27%)、脂肪(0. 57%)和灰分(1. 32%)含量最高; 5种品系对虾肌肉必需氨基酸(EAA)/总氨基酸(TAA)均在35%左右,结构符合FAO/WHO标准要求;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)从高到低依次为品系A(71. 54%)、品系E(71. 10%)、品系D(70. 00%)、品系C(69. 31%)、品系B(69. 17%);肌肉中共检测出16种脂肪酸,脂肪酸种类和含量在各品系存在差异。单不饱和脂肪酸(ΣMUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(ΣPUFA)及EPA+DHA含量在品系B中最高,品系C中最低;微量元素中,品系D的铁(7. 62 mg/kg)、铜(4. 05 mg/kg)元素含量最多,品系E的硒元素(0. 24 mg/kg)含量最丰富。研究表明:在池塘循环水养殖条件下的5种品系对虾均属于高蛋白、低脂肪食物,氨基酸组成平衡,微量元素丰富,具有较高营养价值,其中,品系A的营养价值最高,品系C最低。

In order to study nutritional characteristics of 5 strains of Penaeus vannamei under culture conditions of circulating water system in ponds,nutritional components in the muscle were determined with conventional method for determination of biochemical component,analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the flesh content of Penaeus vannamei ranged from 50.57%to 56.13%.In normal nutritional components,Strain A contained the most protein(20.27%),fat(0.57%)and ash content(1.32%).The essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)for the muscle of 5 strains of Penaeus vannamei was about 35%,and the structure conformed to the standard requirement of FAO/WHO.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)from high to low was Strain A(71.54%),Strain E(71.10%),Strain D(70.00%),Strain C(69.31%)and Strain B(69.17%).A total of 16 fatty acids were identified in the muscle,and there were differences in the types and contents of fatty acids in each strain.Monounsaturated fatty acids(ΣMUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acids(ΣPUFA)and EPA+DHA were the highest in Strain B and lowest in Strain C.For microelement,the iron(7.62 mg/kg)and copper(4.05 mg/kg)contents of Strain D were the highest;the highest selenium content(0.24 mg/kg)was found in Strain E.It was indicated that the 5 strains cultured in circulating water in ponds all belonged to high protein and low fat food,and had balanced amino acid composition,abundant microelements and high nutritional values,where A and Strain C respectively had the highest and lowest nutritional value.