豫西南濒危曲艺的传承与发展研究——以新野槐书为例

THE INHERITANCE AND STUDY OF THE ENDANGERED QUYI IN NANYANG,SOUTHWEST HENAN——A CASE STUDY OF XINYE HUAISHU

豫西南曲艺种类丰富,形式多样,素有"书山曲海""曲艺之乡"之称。大调曲子、三弦书、槐书、鼓词等植根深远;河南坠子、评书等广为流传;另有蛤蟆嗡、渔鼓、莲花落以及山东快书、竹板书等形式,也都有着广泛良好的群众基础。悠久厚重的文化底蕴孕育出风格迥异的豫西南地方曲艺。如今,娱乐方式的多样化,极大地冲击了地方曲艺的发展,新野槐书作为地方曲种,且两次濒临灭绝,其兴衰演变过程极具代表性。笔者于2018年4月初在新野县文化馆对该曲种的传承与发展情况进行了调研,从传承主体的维度对新野槐书的发展有了较为详尽的了解,并藉本文探索新野槐书的传承方式,希冀其正常发展并保持不息的生命力。

Known as“Gazillions of Books and Quyi Arts”and“the Paradise of Quyi,”Southwest Quyi in Henan develops numerous genres.The stories about them have been deeply taken rooted into people’life;some are large-sized major music,Sanxian Book(usu.,Trichord classics),Book about Locust Tree(people who perform Quyi under the locust tree),Drum ballad(usu.,Guci),others Henanzhuizi(a way of Henan spoken performance)and book reviews,and still others divertimento(usu.,Toad buzz).,Yu-drums(usu.,Yugu),Lian Hua Lao(usu.,A Lotus Rhyme),clapper talks with Shandong characteristics,and story recited to the rhythm of bamboo clappers.Southwest Quyi in Henan(Nanyang)has been widely popularized among citizens,and as a result of it a distinctive local folk Quyi is created by the long and profound cultural deposits.Today,however,diverse entertainments have greatly weaken the development of local Quyi(folk art),especially for Xinye Huaishu as a local song genre,which has gone through being endangered for two times.Thus,its ups and downs is representative.On early April this year,through going inside the development and inheritance of Quyi in Xinye Cultural center,the writer,from the perspective of inheriting it,further to know about and explore new ways of inheriting Xinye Huaishu.Hoping Xinye Huashu steady yet vigorous develop,the writer makes it a point to analyze and study it.