日本《图书馆法》与公共图书馆事业的民主化进程

Library Law and the Democratization Process of Japanese Public Librarianship

1950年日本《图书馆法》在日美争论中诞生于日本民主化改造过程中。《图书馆法》体现了近代公立图书馆的原则、民主主义的特质,但缺乏公共图书馆实现民主化进程的有效途径。随着战后日本经济的复苏,社会中间阶层逐渐兴起,日本市民社会逐渐发展成熟。在这一社会发展趋势下,日本图书馆协会逐渐发展壮大并主导了《图书馆自由宣言》与《中小都市公共图书馆的运营》《市民的图书馆》的出台,将公共图书馆事业的重心确定为"市民"。1950年《图书馆法》以"计划性立法"方式提出的民主化进程随着日本市民社会的发展最终得以实现。

Japanese Library Law was born in the process of democratic transformation in Japan-US dispute in 1950.The Library Law embodied the principle of modern public libraries and the traits of democracy,but it lacked an effective way for public libraries to realize the process of democratization.With the recovery of the postwar Japanese economy,the middle class in society was gradually rising,and the Japanese civil society was increasingly maturing.Under the trend of the social development,the Japanese Library Association had the dramatic improvement and dominated the unveil of Statement on Intellectual Freedom in Libraries.Public Library Management in Medium-to Small-Sized Cities and Civil Libraries.Finally,the focus of Public Librarianship was determined to be the citizen.With the development of Japanese civil society,the democratization process put forward by Library Law of 1950 was eventually realized in the way of“planned legislation”.