天然染料及其染色(待续)

Natural dyes and the dyeing

关于天然染料的历史,可追溯到三千年之前,那时人们已经开始用天然染料染色。公元前150年,已能把黄、红、蓝三原色天然染料拼混染成各种颜色。十九世纪中叶,开创了合成染料的新纪元,天然染料逐渐消亡。由于天然染料的绿色环保,三十年前重新掀起天然染料的新提取和染色方法的研究。现概要介绍一些重要的天然染料及其化学结构,以及天然染料古代和现代的染色方法;根据化学结构与染色方法归并到现代染料分类中。笔者尽量从各种文献中找到天然染料的分子结构式,目的是便于根据分子结构式正确设定染色方法。

The history of natural dyes can be traced back to 3,000 years goa,at that time people began to dye wit h natural dyes.In 150 BC,Three primary colors natural dyes ofe lylow,red and blue were mixed into various colors.I n the middle of nineteenth Century,a new era of synthetic dyesa sw created,and natural dyes gradually disappeared.Du e to the natural dyes with the property of green environmental optrection,new extraction and dyeing methods of natura l dyes were re-launched in 30 years ago.Some important naturaly eds and their chemical structures,as well as ancient an d modern dyeing methods of natural dyes are briefly introduced.cAcording to the difference of chemical structure an d dyeing methods,they can be incorporated into modern dye clasfsiication.The author tries to find the molecular structur e of natural dyes from various literatures,in order to facilitate the correct setting of dyeing methods according to the molecular structure.