野生甜瓜果实性状变异及聚类分析

Studies on variation of the fruit traits of the wild melons and cluster analysis

甜瓜是世界十大水果之一,遗传多样性较丰富,野生甜瓜是重要的抗性资源,可用于栽培甜瓜的抗逆性遗传改良。以40份野生甜瓜为试材,分析了其成熟期14个果实性状(9个质量性状和5个数量性状)的变异。结果表明,40份野生甜瓜材料果实性状变异较大,数量性状的变异系数在29.62%～205.25%之间,其中单果质量变异最大;质量性状的变异系数在32.01%～152.35%,其中果实茸毛的变异最大。对表型数据进行主成分分析,结果发现,14个性状可以转化成5个独立的综合指标,其累计贡献率达72.30%。基于5个主成分的聚类分析表明,40份野生甜瓜种质可划分为3类,各类之间的性状差异较大。研究结果明确了40份野生甜瓜果实性状的变异,为材料的有效利用提供了一定的依据。

Melon(Cucumis melo)is one of the top ten fruits in the world,and it has rich genetic diversity.To further clarify the genetic relationship between collected different germplasms,and utilize effectively the melon germplasm resources.When 40 wild melon fruits were test materials,the variation of 14 fruit characters in mature period of wild melon was analyzed,among which 9 quality traits and 5 quantitative characters were studied.The results showed that the phenotypic variation of the 40 wild melon varieties in fruit stage was significant,and the variation coefficient of quantitative characters was between 29.62%and 205.25%,with the maximum value for the fruit weight.The variation coefficient of quality traits was between 32.01%and 152.35%,in which the variation of fruit downy was the largest.Based on the phenotypic data,principal component analysis was performed and showed that the 14 traits were classified into 5 independent comprehensive components with their cumulative contribution rates close to 72.39%.From the cluster analysis,the 40 wild melon cultivar were divided into 5 groups,among which,there was an obvious difference in the traits.These findings revealed the variation of the fruit period and offered a theoretical basis for effective utilization of novel melon cultivar.