不同的向度:中医史研究的内与外

Different Dimensions:Internal and External Study on the History of Traditional Chinese Medicine

民国时期,现代学术分科模式下的医学史学科开始创立。当时的主流研究方法是以现代科学知识解析旧有医学史料,以求医学进化,这对于中医来说实质是一种"外部"研究。中医出于教育的需要,继续发展其"明系统""分派别""示门径"的史论模式来编写医学史教材,形成其"内部"传统。医学史学科一直以来定位属于"科学史",但若以"科学"建构的眼光看待中医历史,则无论"内史"或"外史",均未足以全面地反映其理论内核的演进历程。超越体系分科,在科学人文视角下从知识研究的角度来探究中医史,有可能达致外部审视与内部自省的互通。

During the Republic of China,scholars usually adopted modern academic branch model to study on the history of traditional Chinese medicine,becoming the start of medical history.At that time,they applied the knowledge of modern science to explain and analyze old historical materials in order to achieve medical evolution,which was the mainstream research method.For traditional Chinese medicine,it was actually an external research.For education purpose,traditional Chinese medicine has kept on developing the history patterns of identifying system,distinguishing factions and revealing approaches to compile medical history textbook,forming the internal tradition.Medical history has always been defined as science history.However,if the history of traditional Chinese medicine is treated with the review of scientific construction,both internal history and external history cannot deeply reflect evolution course of its theoretical core.Beyond the scientific system branches,the history of traditional Chinese medicine can be studied from a humanistic perspective and the perspective of knowledge research,possibly reaching mutual connection of external survey and internal self-examination.