“医”“史”互动视角下西方医史研究的回顾与前瞻

Retrospect and Prospect of Western Historiography of Medicine from the Perspective of Interaction between Medicine and History

西方医史是历史地形成的,历史学深刻地影响了该领域的研究观念与实践。在20世纪中期之前,关于伟大医生的传记类作品占据了西方医史研究的主流,研究者多是未曾接受过历史学训练的医生,他们试图凭借历史上的医学知识,明确医生的身份,树立医学的权威。20世纪中期以来,历史学的介入推动了医史研究的飞速发展,历史思考的深度直接影响着医史研究的进度。西方医史领域先后经历社会史、文化史、全球史等史学潮流的冲击,学术队伍、研究视角、方法和主题都发生了重大变化。在未来的医史研究中,"医""史"比重将更加均衡,医史编纂理论将越来越受人关注,医史学科的自主性也将越来越强。

The field of the history of western medicine emerged historically and was profoundly affected by history at the conceptual and practical levels.Up until the mid twentieth century,biographies by doctors,of doctors,for doctors dominated the field,which aimed to consolidate their professional identity and authority.The involvement of history increasingly promote historiography of medicine since the middle of twentieth century.Under the impact of social history,cultural history and global history,the field has undergone a dramatic transformation of research staff,perspectives,methods and themes.Future research on history of medicine will probably be characterized by the balance between medicine and history,growing attention to medical historiography and disciplinary autonomy.