欧美史家对福柯《疯狂史》的评价与反思

The Research and Reconstruct of Foucault's Madness and Great Prison by Occident Historians

《疯癫与文明——古典时代的疯狂史》是福柯早期深具原创性也是受到批判最多的著作。福柯在书中认为,在理性被普遍推崇的17—18世纪,西欧不仅存在着大量"被疯狂"的疯人,也存在着对疯人的非人道的大监禁。疯狂不是一个"自然的事实",而是一个与理性时代特定的文化、政治、经济等连结在一起的"文明的事实"。《疯狂史》是对理性及其主导的现代文明,如进步、真理等的颠覆性批判,体现了福柯思想上的重大成就。欧美史学家对福柯的"疯狂史"进行了不断地批判,争论激烈,并反思与重新研究了理性时代的疯狂史,这些争论与研究具有重要的史学理论意义,也反映了20世纪60年代以来欧美历史学观念的演进。

Madness and Civilization:A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason is a book with original creativity and lot of criticism.Michel Foucault believes in the age of reason from 17-18century,there were many lunatics who were constructed by the society,and many of them were jailed.Madness was not a natural facts,it is the fact of the“civilization”correlated with the culture,politics,economics etc.of that time.From analysis of the abandoned madness.Historians of occident continually criticize the history of insanity and the disputes were intense,they also rethink and rebuild the history of insanity.These disputes and researches also represent the progress of western historical ideas since 1960s.