不同比例猪粪有机肥配施对稻穗不同部位氮含量分布的影响

Effects of organic pig manure application with different proportions on grain nitrogen contents at different positions of rice spike

【目的】探讨施用猪粪有机肥对稻穗不同部位籽粒氮素积累的影响,为提高水稻肥料利用率和畜禽粪便的资源化利用提供参考依据。【方法】以赣晚籼37号为材料,在水稻施纯N 180 kg/ha,N∶P2O5∶K2O=3∶1∶2.5的情况下,比较并分析全施化肥(NPK)、低量猪粪配施化肥(F7M3,即70%化肥配施30%猪粪)、中量猪粪配施化肥(F5M5,即50%化肥配施50%猪粪)和高量猪粪配施化肥(F3M7,即30%化肥配施70%猪粪)等处理的枝梗籽粒氮含量、穗位籽粒氮含量、稻穗氮含量、水稻籽粒吸氮量及其与水稻产量的关系。【结果】配施猪粪有机肥能有效降低水稻一次、二次枝梗籽粒氮含量,且随猪粪有机肥配施量的增加,穗位籽粒氮含量也呈降低趋势,其中F3M7处理上、中、下部的籽粒氮含量较NPK处理分别显著降低11.6%、11.9%和9.1%(P<0.05,下同)。增施猪粪有机肥能促进水稻产量增加与稻穗氮含量下降,与NPK处理相比,猪粪配施处理的稻穗氮含量显著下降5.7%～10.1%,水稻产量增加4.3%～14.1%,但猪粪有机肥配施处理的水稻籽粒吸氮量与NPK处理无明显差异,均在92.0 kg/ha左右。【结论】猪粪有机肥与化肥配施能有效影响稻穗不同部位的氮含量,合理利用有机肥资源有利于水稻的高产稳产。

【Objective】The effects of organic pig manure application on grain nitrogen accumulation at different positions of rice spike were studied to provide reference for improving the utilization of rice fertilizer and animal manure resources.【Method】Rice variety Ganwanxian 37 was used in the study.The rice was applied with pure nitrogen 180 kg/ha,and N∶P2O5∶K2O=3∶1∶2.5.Four treatments were designed in the experiment,namely 100%chemical fertilizers(NPK),chemical fertilizers with low amount of pig manure(F7M3,70%chemical fertilizers plus 30%pig manure),chemical fertilizers with medium amount of pig manure(F5M5,50%chemical fertilizers plus 50%pig manure),and chemical fertilizers with high amount of pig manure(F3M7,30%chemical fertilizers plus 70%pig manure).The relations among nitrogen content in grain at different branches,nitrogen content in grain at different spikes,nitrogen content in spike,grain nitrogen uptake and its relation with rice yield were analyzed.【Result】Organic pig manure fertilizer could effectively reduce the nitrogen content in the primary and secondary branches of rice spike.The nitrogen content of all parts of rice spike was decreased with the increasing of application of organic pig manure.In F3M7 treatment,nitrogen content in grain at upper,middle and lower parts significantly decreased by 11.6%,11.9%and 9.1%respectively compared with NPK(P<0.05,the same below).Pig manure treatment could improve rice yield and reduce nitrogen content in rice spike.Compared with the NPK treatment,nitrogen content in rice spike significantly decreased by 5.7%-10.1%,and rice yield increased by 4.3%-14.1%.Nitrogen uptake of rice grains under organic pig manure application was not greatly different from that under NPK,which were about 92.0 kg/ha.【Conclusion】The combination of organic pig manure and chemical fertilizer can effectively influence nitrogen content in different parts of rice,rational utilization of organic fertilizer resources is beneficial to high and stable yield of rice.