新型复合微生物肥料对冬小麦生物学性状的影响

Effects of new compound microbial fertilizer on physiological indexes of winter wheat

【目的】探讨新型复合微生物肥料对冬小麦生物学性状及生防效果的影响,为利用抗逆性强、耐存储的芽孢杆菌研发新型复合微生物肥料及其大面积应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验方式,设不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(复合肥750 kg/ha)和施用新型复合微生物肥料(施用量750 kg/ha)3个处理,分别测定不同处理越冬前和孕穗期的小麦叶面积、单株干物重和叶片叶绿素含量,并调查小麦根部孢囊线虫侵染情况、生物学性状、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】新型复合微生物肥料可在孕穗期极显著(P<0.01,下同)增加冬小麦的叶面积、单株干物重及叶片叶绿素含量,并显著提高冬小麦的次生根数、分蘖数、孕穗数、穗粒数、公顷穗数和千粒重(P<0.05,下同),但对株高和穗长无显著影响(P>0.05,下同);新型复合微生物肥料对冬小麦孢囊线虫具有较好的防效,土壤有效孢囊数量较CK极显著减少39.02%。与CK相比,施用新型复合微生物肥料的冬小麦平均显著增产44.6%,但与常规肥料处理差异不显著。【结论】底施新型复合微生物肥料不但有改善冬小麦生物学性状和增产的作用,而且对冬小麦孢囊线虫病具有一定的防效。

【Objective】The effect of new compound microbial fertilizer on biological properties and biological control effect of winter wheat was studied.It provided theoretical basis for the development of new compound microbial fertilizer and its wide application by using Bacillus sp.with strong stress resistance and storage resistance.【Method】A field experiment of three treatments was carried out in this study:no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha)and new compound microbial fertilizer(fertilization amount 750 kg/ha).The leaf areas of wheat,dry matter weight of single plant and the chlorophyll content of leaf were determined before the overwintering and during the booting period.Then,cyst nematode infection status in wheat root,biological characters,yield and yield component factors were surveyed.【Result】The new compound microbial fertilizer could extremely increase leaf area,dry matter weight per plant and chlorophyll content of winter wheat at booting stage(P<0.01,the same below),and the number of secondary roots,tillers,boots,grains per ear,ears per hectare and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat were significantly increased(P<0.05,the same below),but the plant height and ear length were not significantly affected(P>0.05,the same below).The new compound microbial fertilizer had fine control effect on wheat cyst nematode.The number of effective cysts in soil extremely decreased by 39.02%compared with the control without fertilization.Compared with CK,the average yield of wheat significantly increased by 44.6%by applying the new type of compound microbial fertilizer.But compared with the conventional fertilizer,the difference was not significant.【Conclusion】The results show that the new compound microbial fertilizer not only improves the biological character and yield of winter wheat,but also has certain control effects on the disease of wheat cyst nematode.