江浙沪地区甜瓜品种果实性状遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of melon fruit characters in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai

【目的】分析江浙沪地区种植的65个甜瓜品种果实性状的遗传多样性,为甜瓜优质新品种的选育与推广提供参考依据。【方法】对江浙沪地区种植的65个甜瓜品种的5个质量性状和10个数量性状进行测定,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析及遗传多样性评价。【结果】甜瓜品种的单果鲜重、果实纵径、果形指数、果肉厚度、果腔纵径和可溶性固形物含量边心差等6个性状的变异系数较大,分别为52.33%、37.63%、51.80%、33.09%、42.84%和39.48%;15个性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.64,其中果皮底色和果肉颜色两个质量性状与单果鲜重、果腔纵径、果腔横径、果肉厚度、果实纵径、果实横径、边缘可溶性固形物含量、中心可溶性固形物含量及可溶性固形物含量边心差等9个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均大于1.50,表明65个甜瓜品种果实性状上具有丰富的遗传多样性。相关性分析结果表明,甜瓜品种果实多个性状间呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。利用主成分分析可将所有品种划分为厚皮甜瓜和薄皮甜瓜两个类型,其中,薄皮甜瓜遗传多样性水平较高,厚皮甜瓜遗传多样性水平偏低。【结论】江浙沪地区种植的甜瓜品种果实性状遗传差异明显,其中厚皮甜瓜品种的遗传基础较狭窄,需引进新的种质资源拓宽其遗传基础。

【Objective】The genetic diversity of melon varieties planted in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai was analyzed in order to provide reference for new melon variety breeding,planting and promotion.【Method】Five qualitative characters and ten quantitative characters of sixty-five melon varieties in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai were investigated and measured,and correlation analysis,principal component analysis and genetic diversity analysis were conducted.【Result】The results showed that the variation coefficients of six characters(fresh weight of single fruit,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,flesh thickness,longitudinal diameter of fruit cavity and difference of total soluble solid content between center and side)were 52.33%,37.63%,51.80%,33.09%,42.84%and 39.48%respectively.The average genetic diversity index of 15 fruit characters was 1.64.Among them,two qualitative characters(ground color of fruit skin and flesh color)and nine quantitative characters(fresh weight of single fruit,longitudinal diameter of fruit cavity,transverse diameter of fruit cavity,flesh thickness,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,edge soluble solid content,central soluble solid content,difference of soluble solid content between center and edge)had genetic diversity indexes over 1.50.It indicated that the 65 melon varieties had abundant genetic diversity.Correlation analysis showed that correlations among multiple characters of melon fruit reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The principal component analysis divided all the varieties into two types,which were thick-skin melon and thin-skin melon.Compared with the thin-skin melon types,the genetic diversity between the thick-skin melon varieties was smaller.【Conclusion】There are obvious differences in fruit characters heredity of melon varieties planted in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai areas,among which the genetic basis of thick-skin melon varieties is narrow,and new germplasm resources should be introduced to broaden the genetic basis.