3种不同来源中华乌塘鳢成鱼肉质比较分析

A comparative study of muscle quality of adult Chinese black sleeper(Bostrychus sinensis)from three different sources

【目的】比较分析3种不同来源中华乌塘鳢成鱼肌肉的质构特性和营养成分差异,为中华乌塘鳢品质鉴定、养殖技术改进和红树林生态品牌创建及推广提供基础数据。【方法】分别测定中华乌塘鳢野生群体、红树林地埋管道生态养殖群体和池塘养殖群体肌肉的质构特性、滴水损失率、冷冻渗出率、pH、胶原蛋白含量、常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及含量等指标,并进行营养价值评价。【结果】野生和生态养殖的中华乌塘鳢肌肉硬度、内聚性、胶黏性及胶原蛋白含量间无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但均显著高于池塘养殖中华乌塘鳢(P<0.05,下同);3种不同来源群体的肌肉弹性、咀嚼性和pH间存在显著差异,弹性和咀嚼性表现为生态养殖>野生>池塘养殖,pH表现为池塘养殖>生态养殖>野生;3种不同来源群体的肌肉滴水损失率和冷冻渗出率间无显著差异。常规营养成分中,池塘养殖群体的粗脂肪含量显著高于野生群体。3种不同来源群体的肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成相同,均测出18种氨基酸和18种脂肪酸,含量也基本一致,但野生和生态养殖群体二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、n-3族多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于池塘养殖群体。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS),3种不同来源群体的第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸,必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量比值(EAA/TAA)、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值(EAA/NEAA)也符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)提出的理想模式,分别为42.67%～44.11%和89.07%～95.95%。【结论】中华乌塘鳢具有高蛋白低脂肪特点,3种不同来源的中华乌塘鳢主要营养成分相似,但野生和红树林地埋管道生态养殖的中华乌塘鳢肌肉质构特性和保健价值优于池塘养殖中华乌塘鳢。

【Objective】Muscles of Bostrychus sinensis from three different sources were analyzed to compare the difference in their texture properties and nutrient contents,so as to generate some basic data useful for quality identification of the fish,improvement of the fish farming technology and mangrove eco-farming brand building and marketing.【Method】Muscles of wild B.sinensis,ecofarm-raised B.sinensis in mangrove underground tube farming system and ecofarm-raised raised in pond were analyzed to identify the texture properties,drip loss,flesh leaching loss,pH values,collagen contents,nutrient contents,amino acid contents,fatty acid fraction in their muscles,upon which the nutritional values of the fish were evaluated.【Result】Hardness,cohesiveness,gumminess,and collagen contents of the muscles of wild B.sinensis had no significant difference(P>0.05,the same below)from those of ecofarm-raised B.sinensis but significantly higher than those of pond-raised B.sinensis(P<0.05,the same below).Springiness,chewiness and pH values of the fish muscles differed significantly among the three different groups,with springiness and chewiness presented ecofarm-raised B.sinensis>wild B.sinensis>pond-raised B.sinensis and pH values presented pond-raised B.sinensis>ecofarm-raised B.sinensis>wild B.sinensis.There was no significant difference in drip loss and flesh leaching loss among the three groups.The contents of crude fat of pond-raised fish were significantly higher than those of wild fish.The compositions of amino acids and fatty acids were similar in the three groups with 18 amino acids and 18 fatty acids being detected and their contents were almost at same level.However,the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)+docosahexenoic acid(DHA)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)of n-3 clan in wild fish and ecofarm-raised fish were significantly higher than those in pond-raised fish.According to amino acids scoring(AAS)and chemical scoring(CS),the first limit amino acid of the three groups was tryptophan(Trp).Both essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acids(TAA)and EAA/non-essential amino acid(NEAA)fell in the ideal scope proposed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)/World Health Organization(WHO),which were at 42.67%-44.11%and 89.07%-95.95%respectively.【Conclusion】B.sinensis has high protein and low fat.The major nutrition components of B.sinensis are similar in the three groups,the muscle texture properties and health care values of wild B.sinensis and B.sinensis cultured in mangrove underground tube system are better than those raised in ponds.