日本“职务发明奖酬”法制最新动向研究

On the Latest Trend of the Legal System of “Reward for Job Inventions” in Japan

在技术创新引领社会发展的当下,职务技术发明人的权益日益得到重视,但是,日本"职务发明"中发明人的权益保护却长期以来存在严重保护不足的争议。造成争议的深层原因,与日本的社会经济体制构造、企业社会文化发展程度以及日本相关法律制度标准不明确、难以执行等情况有关。为此,2015年《日本专利法》进行了专门修改,明确了"职务发明"的权利归属于用人单位,(1)并同时于2016年制订了针对专利发明人的奖励和报酬的具体参考《指针》。《指针》首次提出了职务发明奖酬的"合理性判断规则"。

With technological innovation and social development,the rights and interests of job technology inventors have been increasingly valued.However,the protection of inventors’rights and interests in Japanese“service invention”has been controversial for a long time.The underlying reasons for the controversy come from the social and economic structure of Japan,the degree of social and cultural trade,international investment and regional cooperation.Based on institutional economics theory,this paper tries to establish the system of quality reasonable logic connection between theoretical research and empirical research.We found that although there are significant differences among countries,they can be integrated into eight similar groups and have comparative advantages,while many factors affecting the quality of the system can be summarized into eight basic factors.This provides theoretical basis and systematic quantitative information for China to promote the One Belt and One Road system and policy design.