我国青少年科技职业从业意愿的性别差异及其影响因素研究

Gender Differences and Impact Factors of S&T Career Aspirations of Adolescents in China

本文利用一项全国性的抽样调查数据,借鉴期望价值理论分析框架,分析了我国青少年科技职业从业意愿的性别差异及其影响因素。结果表明,我国青少年科技职业从业意愿存在显著性别差异,在控制了年级、城乡、地区、家庭社会经济地位、家庭社会资本状况和学校因素等变量之后,这种性别差异仍然显著存在。能力(科学成绩)、价值(科学兴趣)和家长期望方面的性别差异均对我国青少年科技职业从业意愿的性别差异具有一定的解释力,其中家长期望因素的解释力最强。但是即使将这些因素都考虑在内,仍不能完全解释科技职业从业意愿的性别差异。

Based on a nationwide sampling data and the analysis framework of expectancy-value theory,this paper analyzes the gender differences and their impact factors of S&T Career Aspirations of Adolescents in China.Results show that there is a significant gender difference in the willingness of young people to pursue science and technology careers in China.After controlling variables such as grade,urban and rural areas,regions,family socioeconomic status,family social capital status,and school factors,the gender difference still exists.Gender differences in abilities,interests,and parental expectations all have certain explanatory powers for gender differences in the willingness of young people to pursue science and technology careers,among which parents’expectations are the most important impact factor.But even taking all these factors into account,the gender differences can’t be fully explained.