社商协作的多层次长期护理保险体系研究——学界探讨、业界探索与国际经验

The Multi-layered Long-term Care Insurance System:The Debate,Attempt and Experience

如何充分发挥社会保险与商业保险各自的优势,建立适合国情的多层次长期护理保险体系是积极应对老龄化的重要课题之一。本文从社商协作的视角,分别对学界探讨、业界探索与国际经验进行了梳理分析。学界探讨经历了现实主义、普惠主义和后现实主义三个时期,逐渐认识到长期护理保险体系中社商协作机制的重要性;业界探索经历了商业保险探索、社会保险探索,正在迈向社商协作探索的新阶段;国际经验则提供了收入分层、需求分担、风险分担和费用分担的四种模式。鉴于中国地区差距大且处于发展中国家的基本国情,任何单一的模式都是不充分的,未来中国多层次长期护理保险体系将在筹资、经办、服务等方面呈现多层次结构。

In order to cope with aging,it’s an important issue to build a multi-layered long-term care insurance system with social insurance and commercial insurance.This article discusses the co-operation of social insurance and commercial insurance in three approaches,which is academic debate,practical attempt and foreign experience.Academic debate experienced three periods,which is realism,universalism and postrealism period.Practical attempt experienced commercial insurance development and social insurance experiment periods,and is heading to co-operation period.Foreign experience shows four co-operation models,which is divided by income,needs,risk and expense.