多工况下油罐车罐体的轻量化设计

Lightweight Design of the Tank Body of Oil Trucks Under Operations of Multiple Loading Conditions

油罐车罐体约占整车质量的12%~24%,对其进行轻量化设计对降低发动机油耗、提高油罐车的操控稳定性等至关重要.然而,金属罐体结构已趋成熟,基于通用金属材料性能及其对应结构层面上的优化已难以满足当前高性能轻量化油罐车的需求.考虑到油罐车多工况工作条件,以及复合材料优异的力学性能和可设计性强的特性,构建了一种新型轻质复合材料罐体结构.基于参数化建模方法构建罐体的三维模型,并通过数值模拟方法详细研究罐体在静态和动态条件下的应力分布情况.通过模态分析来确定罐体的主要基本阶的固有频率和相应振型,为发动机选型提供参考依据.结果表明,在满足多工况性能要求的前提下,复合材料模型质量比钢材降低了64.1%,比铝材降低了19.8%.

The tank body of an oil truck may account for 12%~24%of the whole vehicle weight.Lightweight design of tank bodies is essential for reducing engine fuel consumption and improving steering stability of trucks.The structure design of tank body made of metal is matured,and it is difficult for further lightweight,because of the high density of metals.Making use of the excellent mechanical properties,low density and the designability of composite materials,a novel lightweight composite tank body was designed and analyzed in this work,considering operations of the truck under multiple road conditions.Firstly,a three-dimensional model of the tank body was established based on the finite element method.The numerical simulations were then conducted to study the stress distribution of the tank body in detail under static and dynamic loading conditions.Modal analyses were then performed to determine the natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes of a number of fundamental modes,which provides a useful reference for engine selections of the truck.The results show that mass of the composite tank mass is 64.1%less than steel counterpart,and 19.8%less than the aluminum counterpart.